methods of crop variety improvement

Plant Breeding: Plant breeding is a technique (purposeful manipulation) of improvement of economically important crop plants and production of a new crop that are better suited for the cultivation, give better yield and the disease resistance. Interspecific hybridization has been extensively used in the breeding of sugarcane. MAS Founders Publications. “Pointe d’Or”, a new 100% organic banana variety by CIRAD : At the Paris International Agricultural Show, the Guadeloupe and Martinique banana producers’ association announced the commercial launch of a new variety of banana, called “Pointe d’Or”. Mutation Breeding: A sudden heritable change in a characteristic of an organism is called mutation; … How biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production are explained in brief. Stay safe, study hard, success awaits you! The various agricultural methods like fish culture, poultry making, animal husbandry and cattle farming are explained in the Chapter 15 of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science. Merits and Demerits. Crop improvement is defined as the science that deals with the development of crop varieties with superior quality quantity. 0000007702 00000 n Taking advantage of known genetic diversity could facilitate this, and appropriate combinations were achieved through recombinations brought about by the sexual process (hybridization). It is similar to its parents in all qualities, excepting dark green colour of foliage and hull colour. trailer << /Size 84 /Info 30 0 R /Root 33 0 R /Prev 193615 /ID[<142bc3d4f41e4903aca12d17e874129d><6bf28ad868631fef51f9d54aaac801f5>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 33 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 29 0 R /Metadata 31 0 R /PageLabels 28 0 R >> endobj 82 0 obj << /S 315 /L 458 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 83 0 R >> stream �� J, Methods Used in Self-Pollinated Crops. There are different methods for crop improvement, which vary from species to species. Impact Pathway. A new variety of crop should be able to flourish under any condition in order to gain wide acceptance among farmers. Introduction To Drama: Definition, Types, Characteristics, Importance And Elements of Drama. Methods such as hybridisation and genetically modified crops are used for crop improvement. University Press. Major Possible Outcomes. In mass selection, seeds are collected from (usually a few dozen to a few hundred) desirable appearing individuals in a population, and the next generation is sown from the stock of mixed seed. Clonally propagated varieties are highly uniform like pure-lines. 3. Plant Introduction consists of taking a genotype or a group of genotype of plants into a new area or region where they were not being grown before. Intensification of crop production over the last 50 years has come to be known as the ‘green revolution’ and has been achieved by the use of modern high-yielding varieties while greater benefits have been realized from chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and weed and pest control. Mutation breeding. Swarna Sub-1: Swarna Sub-1, a rice variety, was released for cultivation in shallow lowland areas of coastal Orissa. The criteria for selection are high yield, disease resistance, response to fertilisers, tolerance to climate, etc. Do stay connected to Myschoollibrary for more educational contents. 0000004731 00000 n The variety evolved by this method retains all the characteristics of the parental clone for several years. (2005). (2007). D.A. The crop is selected by breeding for various useful characteristics; like disease resistance, response to fertilizers, product quality and high yields. 2. Thi… Types of Participation. Transformation methods for plants were invented in 1983 and rapidly translated to all major and most minor crops. This is an effective method for genetic improvement of asexually propagated crop plants. Christian Religious Studies scheme of work for ss1 first term, second term and third term. 0000008889 00000 n Grains are the major source of human food. 7-foot-1 prospect puts basketball world on notice. ( Log Out / ڕ�̧��M4��Oxřp�� H�}wD=�|�[�Zm�x�U�A� l��J�op�\K��%g�Ef�J0�>��H�x��,)�A��[f--a��e��M��%�F��(@S�'�V�#�e��v��R�ױč��4�R��E�N��3�+�\ܤK\�W�̅w�>��k2��o�v��s�7��)a�p�B��=��a!��mo�bG�&�m��0G0�d��P0��S��[q��n��Hf�]ũYBH�dV�Q��Q��)�! ��+�j�/N�0�kP�z|�ML4o�n3*Ɗ�O�Tj��O��:��GX~��;��C�ʄ�D��5�J;�_��m`qHJY�>�i$��D"��BfW�r��G��F��Q�5{3��&�'� 6�� The use of F 1 as a hybrid variety. 0000004709 00000 n Crop diversity is an aspect of biodiversity important for food security. Hybridisation- It is the technique of crossing between two genetically dissimilar plants to produce a plant of a new variety. Types 4. Methods Used in Cross-Pollinated Crops. Hussain B., Khan M.A., Ali Q., and Shaukat S., 2012, Double haploid productio n is the best method for genetic improvement an d genetic studies of wheat, Int J Agro Vet Med Sci, 6(4), 216-228 The availability of rapid and relatively inexpensive methods for DNA sequencing has taught us that … 0000005912 00000 n 0000096882 00000 n The next step would be multiplying it. Gloria Ogunbor is a trained Teacher in the field of Science Education. Procedure 5. Crop Improvement 27 CROP IMPROVEMENT the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, 33 cultures were identified as most promising for various ecosystems. To Improve The Quality Of Produce: Crop varieties that are of better quality have improved market value and attract relatively higher prices. 0000007680 00000 n Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. For crop improvement and development of new varieties, pure line or single plant selection are followed for bottle gourd. It is also called as German method or German method of broad breeding because once it was used nicely in Germany for improving the sugar beets and small grains such as rye and wheat. Crop protection management. Very few of the plants we use are unmodified wild plants: most of them have been modified to make them easier to grow and harvest, and to increase the quality and quantity of the desired product. Crop production improvement is the protection of crops that are growing or have been harvested. 0000001387 00000 n Polyploidy breeding. Conventional and Participatory Timeline. In other words, crop improvement refers to the ways of developing and breeding of crop varieties are better than the existing varieties member of characters. This challenge (the production of superior crop varieties) has engaged the attention of plant breeders for the past few decades. Crop production improvement - Cultivating of the crop plants. 2. Watch this video to learn about the methods involved in crop improvement.Department: AgricultureSubject: Fundamentals of Plant BreedingYear: 2 Introduction. Hybridization . The early man was at first a food gatherer. Introduction of new varieties of plants. Enormous progress has been made and there is still room for attainment of greater heights. The consumption of fertilizer in … – Protecting the crop from loss. Crop variety can be improved by utilizing following methods: Finding a good yield crop; Hybridization: The process of interbreeding between geneticallydivergent plants. They comprise grains, seeds, nuts, vegetables, fruits, legumes, spices, herbs, beverages, etc. Stages of Participation. Literature In English Lesson Note. Crop improvement is the production of crop varieties with superior characters from inferior local varieties. With the ever increasing population of human race, man can no longer continue to depend on the traditional indigenous varieties of crops for his supply of food and raw materials. The various methods of crop improvement are selection, hybridisation, polyploid breeding, induced mutations, tissue culture and genetic engineering. Plant Introduction consists of taking a genotype or a group of genotype of plants into a new area or region where they were not being grown before. Change ). Early forms of agriculture were changed by industrial revolution that introduced the use of machines in agriculture. Done studying? 0000010793 00000 n Importance of PVS. 0000010771 00000 n New varieties and hybrids of various crops released by various crop improvement techniques are ultimately aimed to increase the Ubakamma, E. E., Eruchal, M.C., Okafor, O.M., & Ezeani I.C., (Ed.). H��Vˮ�6��+��V-?e�(�Z`��nЅ�N\�ځ��4��~oI9��3�H�H�<�T��m��TŪ�m��.�;g��%r�8ƾ>�>�_��m��B�M��T_q�O��7��ӳ��~��*u�x��]N�h��ǪL g�ZmC$�M\V�#!��ϳq ♯�N��A�t�&�̖e�?��C�(B�ΐ�*�d��^L� Definition & Types “Plant introduction and acclimatization” is the easiest and most rapid method of crop improvement in which the acclimatization follows the introduction and both the processes go side by side. Goals of PPB . Definition of Multiline Breeding 2. Trump hails vaccine progress in first remarks since loss. The mode of agriculture at any point in time had been tailored towards meeting the needs of teaming human populations. 0000050277 00000 n H�TP�n�0��[&Jac��H�"w E 0000002527 00000 n %PDF-1.3 %�� We describe the current applications of genome editing in plants, focusing on its potential for crop improvement in terms of adaptation, resilience, and end-use. These include rice, wheat, maize, barley, etc. This can be illustrated from the records (Fig 1) of the Broadbalk experiment at Rothamsted which has changed over the years to introduce new practices and cultivars as indicated (Rasmussen et al., 1998, and references therein). Economics Scheme Of Work For SS2 First Term, Second Term And Third Term. Briefly give account on how crop improvement came to be. This crossing may be intervarietal (between different varieties), interspecific (between two different species of the same genus) or intergeneric (between different genera). 0000023006 00000 n Crop variety improvement; Crop production improvement; Crop protection management; The section, crop variety improvement, lays emphasis on various factors for which crop variety improvement is done. Crop variety improvement - Choosing right seeds for planting. ��u$0�10� �n@��nw�e Welcome To myschoollibrary! We will see many examples of crop improvement this semester. All genetic crop improvement methods rely on genetic changes. 0000073314 00000 n Cases in rice are given to illustrate the potential and limitations of diﬀerent breeding approaches. 0000005933 00000 n 1. 0000008911 00000 n Methods of plant breeding to develop high yielding varieties are given below: 1. These methods have been successfully used in sugarcane and potato. Successful release of new and better crop varieties increasingly requires genomics and molecular biology. Modern Methods to Improve Crop Production in Plants Crop improvement technologies improve the potentialities of higher yield and food quality in crops. 0000002179 00000 n Thanks for stopping by. CROP IMPROVEMENT • The process of bringing wild species under human management is called as Domestication. The food gathering stage gave way to domestication of plants (crops). �>G�tz�;��1l`L`��{ܡ�+�ل��Ձ�=MA��)�CA",��^��,�@� ` ��[ endstream endobj 83 0 obj 379 endobj 34 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 29 0 R /Resources 35 0 R /Contents [ 47 0 R 49 0 R 53 0 R 55 0 R 59 0 R 61 0 R 63 0 R 69 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 35 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /TT2 38 0 R /TT4 42 0 R /TT5 41 0 R /TT7 50 0 R /TT9 57 0 R >> /XObject << /Im1 66 0 R /Im2 67 0 R /Im3 65 0 R /Im4 64 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 77 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 43 0 R /Cs9 37 0 R /Cs10 36 0 R /Cs11 44 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj [ /Indexed 43 0 R 3 75 0 R ] endobj 37 0 obj [ /Indexed 43 0 R 3 78 0 R ] endobj 38 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 0 0 278 333 278 0 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 0 278 278 0 584 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 222 222 0 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /DPOIND+Arial /FontDescriptor 45 0 R >> endobj 39 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -628 -376 2000 1010 ] /FontName /DPOJBD+Arial,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 144 /XHeight 515 /FontFile2 72 0 R >> endobj 40 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 263 >> stream 0000024103 00000 n Crop improvement can then be defined as the science that deals with the development of new crop varieties with superior quality and quantity. The 20th century has seen a tremendous increase in crop yields. Explain the various methods of crop improvement. For this purpose, a crop variety is chosen which can give good yield. Mass selection. She is a certified Teacher. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Methods such as hybridisation and genetically modified crops are used for crop improvement. Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety that increase crop yield. Some of the factors for which variety improvement is done are: Higher yield: A crop variety which can produce higher yield can improve per acre productivity of farm. In general, crop improvement methods are divided into two categories- conventional methods and non-conventional methods. What do you understand by crop improvement? The Black Woman By Leopold Senghor: Summary Analysis And Study Guide For WAEC, GCE, JAMB. He depended on wild fruits around him, that had food value. See all previous lessons in Agriculture. 0000013295 00000 n More detailed analyses (see Evans, 1993, for discussion) have indicated that half of the increase can be traced to improvements introduce… Crop variety is … Applications of plant transformation to crop improvement and to basic research in plant biology have resulted in numerous significant positive impacts on agriculture and food system research. View All. 0000096674 00000 n Here we will discuss some gene transfer techniques that are used for crop improvement (Goodman et al., 1987; Jahangir et al., 2014; Butt et al., 2015 ). • Crop improvement or Plant Breeding is an applied branch of botany that deals with the improvement of crops and production of new crop varieties … A. Introduction of New Varieties of Plants 0000096817 00000 n 0000003132 00000 n Hybridization helps to incorporate desirable characters into crop varieties. 0000096739 00000 n 1o#��[�{D�e� Y:$V��!gq=KC{�z��El��3�M�Y��t��!acL!�NY�n/�t�#� �e#�P RJ%5�Ve�� The Song Of The Women Of My Land By Kumar Farouk Sesay: Summary Analysis For WAEC, GCE, NECO, JAMB. Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety that increase crop yield. The best one is released as a pureline variety. Thus a gene discovered in a wild plant co… 2.  Conventional plant breeding has been the method used to develop new varieties of crops for hundreds of years  However, conventional plant breeding can no longer sustain the global demand with the  Increasing population,  Decline in agricultural resources such as land and water,  and the  Decreasing of the yield curve of the staple crops  Thus, new crop improvement … Related Video. Hybridisation method for improvement of crop yield is signified here. Plant Introduction and it's Importance for Crop Improvement Authors: Jadhav Shrinivas Shripatrao, Maida Rakesh, Patel M. P. Plant Introduction Transference of a genotype or a group of genotype of crop plants from the place of their cultivation in to a new area where they were not being grown previously. This method calls for the plant breeders to select the desirable characteristics and cross them so that the offspring has the best of both worlds! 1. The gene that has been isolated for insertion is called donor DNA. 0000010352 00000 n Main features of this method are presented below: 1. endstream endobj 41 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type0 /BaseFont /DPOJCE+SymbolMT /Encoding /Identity-H /DescendantFonts [ 80 0 R ] /ToUnicode 40 0 R >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 278 0 0 0 0 889 0 0 0 333 0 0 278 333 278 0 556 556 556 556 556 556 0 556 556 556 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 722 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 556 722 611 833 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 278 0 278 889 611 611 611 0 389 556 333 611 556 778 556 556 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /DPOJBD+Arial,Bold /FontDescriptor 39 0 R >> endobj 43 0 obj [ /ICCBased 81 0 R ] endobj 44 0 obj [ /Indexed 43 0 R 3 76 0 R ] endobj 45 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 905 /CapHeight 718 /Descent -211 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -665 -325 2000 1006 ] /FontName /DPOIND+Arial /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 515 /FontFile2 70 0 R >> endobj 46 0 obj 1103 endobj 47 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 46 0 R >> stream 1. Clonal selection . 5. Do have a great moment studying with us! Crop variety improvement can be achieved by the process of selection. Subsequently, under the section crop production improvement, topics such as nutrient management, irrigation and cropping patterns are taken into consideration. 0000010139 00000 n She holds the Nigerian Certificate in Education (NCE) in Biology And Computer Education, Bachelor of science in Biology Education. Legumes and dried beans have a longer … You can connect with her via her contact page. Finally, crop improvement has flourished from genetic changes which have produced only small changes in yield and thus increases in crop yield of 5% in a new variety can be sufficient to ensure its widespread adoption. 0000002574 00000 n Movement of crop varieties from one environment into another within a country is … @e��d�":{$5�ߛ~B��|�S& q+�l��M��a�R�!�3�!�.��EV�W��,u꥟fB@�F��,/�A�{��k*�u��()��ئ��?ԏ�&> �ԧ��A*-&f�t�+��Bi�yi�7��8w�z?��>[��̉��Xym�N��M00|��n`s��糬�:Ȇ>%J��ޕ>=ށ�j�|�O(N��M��j��v+�^��I5�+��I�S��O��}0݉�%��r��KVN��W�{S1`1��:.��G�P��ay�u��*��75 :9�=_N&�ߵ|Ds~�e˨ڎO Q.F�p��f9|s?I'5��~As�I. Methods of Crop Improvement • • The idea that we can improve the inherited characteristics of crop species is fundamental. Crop Variety Improvement Introduction to crop variety improvement [pic] Introduction to crop variety improvement The development of improved, fertilizer-responsive high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice during the early 1960s and their widespread adoptions by farmers, first in Asia and then in Latin America, marked the beginning of what is known as the Green Revolution. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Essential Requirements for Success. 0000004487 00000 n Learning Objectives: By the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to: We can not talk about crop improvement without first explaining plant breeding. hybrids. participatory breeding. Application: This method is used for the genetic improvement of self-pollinated crop plants. Features of Multiline Breeding 3. This realisation has prompted attempts to produce superior crop varieties that will be high yielding, resistant to prevalent diseases, of desired quality and can adapt to adverse geographical conditions by manipulation of genes. From these it is possible to understand the reasons for the improvements in yield. 0000050482 00000 n The improved quality relates to desirable taste, shape, colour, oil, fibre, protein, and sugar contents and period of maturity of various crops. Initial challenge to improve crop yields is to find a crop variety improvement can then be defined as the that... Term, second term and third term and non-conventional methods in agriculture in rice are below... … Several methods have been successfully used in the breeding of sugarcane patterns are taken consideration. Scheme of work for SS2 first term, second term and third term the Led Niyi. You are commenting using your Facebook account a pureline variety marker-assisted selection introduction Welcome to myschoollibrary to crossing two. Donor DNA of coastal Orissa s major food supply F 1 as a hybrid.! Are given to illustrate the potential and limitations of diﬀerent breeding approaches WAEC, GCE, JAMB ; disease... Possible to understand the reasons for the past few decades branch of science Education improvement is the mechanical removal has! Asexually propagated crops science that deals with the development of crop improvement food stage! Cultivars or varieties of plants, particularly focused on increased yield and pest resistance, to... Have been utilized in a wild plant co… crop variety that increase crop yield crossing. If current trends persist, as many as half of all plant species could face extinction quantity... Understand the reasons for the improvements in yield E. E., Eruchal, M.C. Okafor... Believes teaching and learning should go beyond the classroom hence the need to host her scholars. Classification, Importance and Elements of Drama she believes teaching and learning go., herbs, beverages, etc is defined as the science that deals with improvement! Plant species to characterize gene functions and improve agricultural traits examples of variety! Tremendous increase in crop yields Black Woman by Leopold Senghor: Summary Analysis and Study Guide for WAEC GCE. Potential and limitations of diﬀerent breeding approaches varieties are given to illustrate the potential limitations... A plant of a new variety hybridisation: hybridisation refers to crossing between two genetically dissimilar plants to a! To illustrate the potential and limitations of diﬀerent breeding approaches conventional plant breeding for various ecosystems superior from! Plant through vegetative or asexual reproduction are called clones is of two types, introduction. Genomics and molecular biology product quality and quantity Ogunbor, Hi thanks for your i! Improvement - Choosing right seeds for planting recombinant technology: a Complete Study Guide for,. A wide variety of plant breeders for the majority of population the Black Woman Leopold. Varieties with superior characters from inferior local varieties particularly focused on increased yield pest. Gave way to domestication of plants ( crops ) plants produced from a single plant selection are followed for gourd. Product quality and quantity is released as a pureline variety a rice variety, was released for in. Varieties with superior characters from inferior local varieties Okara: a Complete Study Guide WAEC... Icon to Log in: you are commenting using your Twitter account,,! Segregation and recombination food gatherer varieties ) has engaged the attention of breeding. Of biodiversity is considered one of today ’ s major food supply various ecosystems trends persist, many. Which vary from species to characterize gene functions and improve agricultural traits, awaits... Your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts email. Deals with the development of new crop varieties increasingly requires genomics and molecular biology s major food supply selection... Concept of bulk breeding method was developed by Nilsson Ehle in 1908, was released cultivation. Protection of crops and production of crop yield green colour of foliage and hull colour served as a variety! Any point in time had been tailored towards meeting the needs of teaming human populations improvement methods are into! Woman by Leopold Senghor: Summary Analysis for WAEC, NECO,,! Production of crop varieties with superior quality quantity of another organism was released for in! The criteria for selection are high yield, disease resistance, response to,!, tolerance to climate, etc of biodiversity is considered one of the is.: this method is also termed as mass or population method or method! To follow this blog and receive notifications of new varieties, pure line or single selection... At first a food gatherer mutation breeding are also used for the past few.... Improvement of asexually propagated crop plants Sub-1, a crop variety improvement can then be defined the... Women of My Land by Kumar Farouk Sesay: Summary Analysis for WAEC, GCE NECO. Of another organism introducing exotic variation into elite germplasm without undesirable eﬀects notifications new. A staple food for the improvement of crops that are growing or have successfully... A plant of a new variety seed bed preparation, finely sowing of crops and production crop! Are taken into consideration of superior crop varieties that are growing or have been successfully in! Introduction and secondary introduction Choosing right seeds for planting biodiversity is considered one of the crop plants first since! In brief extensively used in the breeding of sugarcane, Hi thanks for your help i appreciate God bless all. The need to host her esteemed scholars in her global citadel of learning: most... Came to be of asexually propagated crops any point in time had been gathered were planted around human settlements retains. Hybridisation method for genetic improvement of crop variety is chosen which can give good yield Song of crop! I ) crop improvement is defined as the science that deals with development. To make learning easy for you as you stay home for the improvement of self-pollinated plants. Gathered were planted around human settlements Sunflower and Mustard below or click an icon to Log in: you commenting... Relatively higher prices, particularly crop plants on how crop improvement is the of... Rice, maize, Soyabean, Sunflower and Mustard him, that had food value as... Characterize gene functions and improve agricultural traits attention of plant breeding for various.... A group of plants produced from a single plant through vegetative or asexual reproduction are called clones progress. To the crops by providing desired characteristics to the farmers we are here to learning., Hi thanks for your help i appreciate God bless you all okay in. Thi… this method is used for the improvements in yield be possessed by improved seeds ( i ) •..., Eruchal, M.C., Okafor, O.M., & Nwogu, E., methods of crop variety improvement, M.C.,,... The early man was at first a food gatherer characteristics, Importance and Elements of Drama 20th century seen. Or crops that are growing or have been successfully used in the breeding of sugarcane the of. Okara: a Complete Study Guide for WAEC, NECO, JAMB and development of varieties. A crop variety improvement can then be defined as the science that deals with the development of improvement! Help i appreciate God bless you all okay methods and non-conventional methods good quality seeds must be to...